Chronic
Lymphedema
Chronic swelling caused by lymphatic system damage or blockage
What is it?
Lymphedema is a chronic condition where the lymphatic system fails to drain lymph fluid adequately, leading to swelling — most commonly in the arms or legs. It can be primary (due to developmental abnormalities) or secondary (following cancer treatment, surgery, or infection).
Symptoms
- Swelling in part or all of the arm or leg
- Feeling of heaviness or tightness
- Restricted range of motion
- Recurring infections
- Hardening and thickening of the skin (fibrosis)
Causes & Risk Factors
- Cancer surgery (lymph node removal)
- Radiation therapy
- Infection with parasites (filariasis)
- Trauma or injury to lymph vessels
- Primary lymphatic developmental abnormalities
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, lymphoscintigraphy, MRI lymphangiography, and ICG (indocyanine green) lymphangiography.
Treatment Options
Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT)
Manual lymphatic drainage massage
Compression garments
Pneumatic compression devices
Surgical options (lymph node transfer, lymphaticovenous anastomosis)
When to Seek Medical Advice
Seek care if you notice unexplained swelling in an arm or leg, especially after cancer treatment or surgery. Early intervention prevents progression.