Common
Peripheral Artery Disease
Narrowing of arteries that reduces blood flow to the limbs
What is it?
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a common circulatory condition in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, most often the legs. This happens when fatty deposits (plaque) build up in the arterial walls — a process called atherosclerosis.
Symptoms
- Leg pain or cramping during walking (claudication)
- Leg numbness or weakness
- Coldness in the lower leg or foot
- Sores on toes, feet or legs that won't heal
- Change in leg color
- Hair loss on legs and feet
Causes & Risk Factors
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Obesity
- Advancing age (over 50)
- Family history of cardiovascular disease
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) test, Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography. Early detection is crucial for preventing complications including limb loss.
Treatment Options
Lifestyle modifications (smoking cessation, exercise)
Medications (antiplatelet agents, statins)
Angioplasty and stenting
Bypass surgery
Atherectomy
When to Seek Medical Advice
Seek immediate care if you experience sudden severe leg pain, numbness, coldness, or discoloration — these may indicate acute arterial occlusion, a vascular emergency.